ДЕНДРИТНІ КЛІТИНИ В ЛІКУВАННІ ХВОРИХ НА ГЛІОБЛАСТОМУ: СУЧАСНИЙ ПОГЛЯД НА ПРОБЛЕМУ І ВЛАСНИЙ ДОСВІД
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15407/exp-oncology.2023.03.282Ключові слова:
гліобластома, імунотерапія, дендритно-клітинна вакцинація, виживаністьАнотація
Гліобластома (ГБМ) є найбільш агресивною з первинних злоякісних пухлин головного мозку в дорослих. Покращання ефективності лікування хворих на ГБМ є нагальною проблемою, що заохочує розвиток нових терапевтичних стратегій, зокрема, тих, що базуються на застосуванні імунотерапії. З поглибленням пізнання тісних взаємозв'язків між імунною системою і механізмами виникнення та прогресування раку, скепсис щодо доречності імунотерапевтичних підходів до лікування пухлин головного мозку поступово слабшає. В огляді розглянуто сучасні концепції щодо асоціації між ЦНС та імунною системою. Впродовж тривалого часу головний мозок вважався імунопривілейованим органом, що унеможливлювало імунотерапію пухлин ЦНС. Зараз ці погляди змінюються, що відкриває перспективи для застосування імунотерапевтичних підходів до лікування хворих на ГБМ. Наведено результати нещодавніх клінічних досліджень, де імунотерапія застосовувалась як додатковий метод до традиційної схеми лікування таких хворих. У цьому аспекті вакцини, що базуються на застосуванні дендритних клітин (ДК), розглядаються як найбільш надійні. Подано та обговорено також результати проведеного в Україні клінічного дослідження із застосування ДК у хворих на ГБМ. Результати міжнародних клінічних досліджень та наш власний досвід свідчать про доцільність застосування таких вакцин у комплексному лікуванні хворих на ГБМ. На користь цього свідчать дані щодо покращання показників виживаності та безпечності застосування цих вакцин. Дуже важливим є той факт, що такі вакцини допомагають і хворим на ГБМ з найбільш несприятливим прогнозом. Розглянуто перспективи імунотерапії в нейроонкології.
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